Summary. 0000015612 00000 n Obama briefs world leaders in Copenhagen, December 18. The Copenhagen conference culminated two years of intense negotiations launched with the 2007 Bali Action Plan and drew a level of political attention well beyond that of any previous climate meeting. As with the AWG-LCA, its work remained uncompleted. The Copenhagen Accord is a document which delegates at the 15th session of the Conference of Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change agreed to "take note of" at the final plenary on 18 December 2009. The Copenhagen Climate Council (now Sustainia) is a global collaboration between international business and science founded by Erik Rasmussen founder of the leading independent think tank in Scandinavia, Monday Morning, based in Copenhagen.The councilors of the Copenhagen Climate Council have come together to create global awareness of the importance of the UN Climate Summit in Copenhagen … The emission targets of Annex I countries, and their delivery of finance for developing countries, will be MRV’d “in accordance with existing and any further guidelines” from the COP. Diplomats in Bali decided to proceed to Copenhagen along two parallel negotiating tracks to determine post-2012 global action on climate change. For the period 2010-2012, developed countries have a “collective commitment” to provide “new and additional resources…approaching USD 30 billion.”  Developed countries also commit to a goal of jointly mobilizing $100 billion a year by 2020, “in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparency on implementation.”  The long-term finance is to be a mix of public (bilateral and multilateral) and private resources. A plural approach seems to be contemplated in the Copenhagen Accord. 4 Copenhagen Accord (Dec. 18, 2009), in UNFCCC, Report of the Conference of the Parties on Its Fifteenth Session [hereinafter COP Report and session number], Addendum, at 5, UN Doc. The accord calls for a new Copenhagen Green Climate Fund as one channel for delivering finance and a High Level Panel “to study the contribution of the potential sources of revenue” toward the long-term funding goal. Its structure and content mirror the ‘Bali Action Plan’, which has guided the Climate Convention (UNFCCC) negotiations over the past two years. The Copenhagen Accord The 15th session of the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC and the 5th session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol took place in Copenhagen and was hosted by the Government of Denmark. 0000029140 00000 n Actions by developing countries “will be subject to their domestic” MRV, with the results reported in biennial national communications. The Copenhagen Agreement is a document that delegates at the 15th session of the Conference of Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change agreed to "take note of" at the final plenary on 18 December 2009.. About 45,000 travelled to the UN climate summit in Copenhagen - the vast majority convinced of the need for a new global agreement on climate change. Originally published 5 February 2010. Copenhagen accord is an agreement that protecting environment. The Copenhagen Accord is a document which delegates at the 15th session of the Conference of Parties (COP 15) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change agreed to take note of at the final plenary on 18 December 2009. The text of the Copenhagen Accord can be found here. To date, over 140 countries have indicated their support. 0000001504 00000 n One group—the Ad Hoc It then took nearly another full day of tense negotiations to arrive at a procedural compromise allowing the leaders’ deal to be formalized over the bitter objections of a few governments. startxref Key elements include: an aspirational goal of limiting global temperature increase to 2 degrees Celsius; a process for countries to enter their specific mitigation pledges by January 31, 2010; broad terms for the reporting and verification of countries’ actions; a commitment by developed countries for $30 billion in 2010-2012 to help developing countries; and a goal for mobilizing $100 billion a year in public and private finance by 2020. Key elements of the Copenhagen Accord include: an aspirational goal of limiting global temperature increase to 2 degrees Celsius; a process for countries to enter their specific mitigation pledges by January 31, 2010; broad terms for the reporting and verification of countries’ actions; a collective commitment by developed countries for $30 billion in “new and additional” resources in 2010-2012 to help developing countries reduce emissions, preserve forests, and adapt to climate change; and a goal of mobilizing $100 billion a year in public and private finance by 2020 to address developing county needs. endstream endobj 87 0 obj <. The COP adopted a decision forwarding the texts and extending the mandate of the AWG-LCA “with a view to presenting the outcome of its work…for adoption” next year at COP 16. Both nations managed to preserve their bottom lines at Copenhagen, but subsequent negotiating rounds will feature more power struggles regarding the global governance of climate change. A new draft political agreement finally tabled late in the first week was roundly rejected by developed countries. World leaders struck a new political accord to address climate change at the 2009 U.N. A conference of 193 countries agreed on Saturday to "take note" of a new Copenhagen Accord to fight global climate change, after two weeks of U.N. talks in the Danish capital. COPENHAGEN (Reuters) - U.S. President Barack Obama reached a climate agreement on Friday with India, South Africa, China and Brazil. The Copenhagen Accord delivers what America needs from the international process: a commitment from the leaders of all key countries to join together to curb global warming. Download (pdf, 267 KB), Business Environmental Leadership Council, Mayors/Business Alliance for a Sustainable Future, Legal Form of a New Climate Agreement: Avenues and Options, Measurement, Reporting, and Verification in a Post-2012 Climate Agreement, Verifying Mitigation Efforts in a New Climate Agreement. The text of the Copenhagen Accord can be found here. After describing what exactly the Copenhagen Accord does and does not do, this article will lay out some initial impli-cations for international climate law and governance. It was only then that Chinese Vice Foreign Minister He Yafei appeared to concede on U.S. demands that its actions be open to some form of international scrutiny. The Copenhagen Climate Council (now Sustainia) is a global collaboration between international business and science founded by Erik Rasmussen founder of the leading independent think tank in Scandinavia, Monday Morning, based in Copenhagen.The councilors of the Copenhagen Climate Council have come together to create global awareness of the importance of the UN Climate Summit in Copenhagen … Language in those three pages establishes the basis for addressing important climate-related issues such as … The Copenhagen accord, the text that came out of the talks, leaves a long list of issues undecided. This article is intended to provide a detailed summary and analysis of the Copenhagen Conference and its fundamental document, the Copenhagen Accord. Although most of the coverage of Copenhagen has focussed on the Accord, the extended mandates of the two Ad-hoc Working Groups (AWGs) are significant. 0000062044 00000 n 0000037039 00000 n Participants approved a Copenhagen accord that sets out emissions-control objectives, sets a target of less than 2 degrees for global warming, and pledges $30 billion in … These guidelines are to ensure “rigorous, robust and transparent” accounting of both targets and finance. 86 45 The Copenhagen Accord, being the result of a third track outside the formal meeting and negotiation procedures under the Climate Change Convention, is neither legally binding nor does it apply to all parties to the Convention - it is left to individual countries to determine and announce whether they support the Copenhagen Accord. The Copenhagen Accord is a critical instrument for addressing such dramatic escalation because it is signed by 140 nations, representing 85 per cent of the world’s GHGemissions. The aim of a “legally binding instrument,” which appeared part of the deal when President Obama first announced it, was later stripped out. Decisions by the COP require a consensus (if any Party present formally objects to a decision, it can block its adoption). Known formally as the Fifteenth Session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP 15) and the Fifth Session of the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP 5), the gathering drew a level of political attention well beyond that of any previous climate meeting. Two years ago in Bali, the COP launched the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-Term Cooperative Action (AWG-LCA) as the forum for negotiating the “agreed outcome” to be adopted in Copenhagen. The Copenhagen Accord is a document which delegates at the 15th session of the Conference of Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change agreed to "take note of" at the final plenary on 18 December 2009. 0000005531 00000 n Rather, the decisions by the two bodies only “take note” of the attached accord. This agreement held at Copenhagen Denmark on December 2009. The work and progress of the past two years has not been supplanted by the Accord. But it is possible to discuss the Copenhagen Accord frankly while avoiding both the disingenuous […] A summary of the key features of the Accord is set out in Annex 1. The COP “took note” of the Copenhagen Accord. The developed country targets and an initial set of developing country actions are to be entered into two appendices by January 31, 2010. xref No. Actions for which developing countries are seeking support are to be recorded in a registry, and those receiving support will later be listed in the developing country appendix. [1] [2] Contents. 0000010929 00000 n Copenhagen accord is an agreement that protecting environment. In addition, the ADP was mandated to explore actions to close the pre-2020 ambition gap in relation to the 2°C target set out in the 2009 Copenhagen Accord. 0000015242 00000 n Copenhagen Accord The Heads of State, Heads of Government, Ministers, and other heads of delegation present at the United Nations Climate Change Conference 2009 in Copenhagen, In pursuitof the ultimate objective of the Convention as stated in its Article 2, Being guidedby the principles and provisions of the Convention, The Copenhagen Accord's biggest breakthrough are the pledges that countries big and small are making to curtail their emissions. Formal decisions under the U.N. climate process are typically taken by consensus. The accord declares itself “operational immediately,” although many of its provisions will require further elaboration (in some cases explicitly, and in other cases presumably, by the UNFCCC Conference of the Parties). Though President Obama and other leaders had indicated weeks earlier that they foresaw only a political agreement, the talks were bottled up for days by Tuvalu’s adamant but unsuccessful demand for immediate consideration of a legally binding outcome. As some parties opposed the accord, the decision entering it into the conference’s proceedings is not technically an acceptance of its substantive content by the Conference of the Parties (or by the parallel Meeting of the Parties under Kyoto). 7. For the major developing economies, it means they have made first-ever commitments for greenhouse gas reductions that are subject to "international consultations and analysis." A number of countries including the United States argued for is reinsertion, but were opposed by others including India and Saudi Arabia. It took nearly another full day of tense negotiations to arrive at a procedural compromise allowing the leaders’ deal to be formalized over the bitter objections of a few governments. View Details The two sparred before the press and remained deadlocked behind closed doors until nearly the end. "The Copenhagen Accord reflects a political consensus on the long-term, global response to climate change," said UNFCCC Executive Secretary Yvo de Boer at a January 20 press conference. The deal outlined fell far short of the ambitions for the Copenhagen summit. The chapeau of the Copenhagen Accord lists the following 114 Parties agreeing to the Accord:* 86 0 obj <> endobj CiteSeerX - Document Details (Isaac Councill, Lee Giles, Pradeep Teregowda): CEPS Commentaries offer concise, policy-oriented insights into topical issues in European affairs. 0000011668 00000 n Other dramas in Copenhagen included open squabbling among the typically unified developing country Group of 77, and the struggle between the issue’s two lead protagonists – the United States and China. 0000069149 00000 n A new political accord struck by world leaders at the U.N. This agreement held at Copenhagen Denmark on December 2009. 0000009077 00000 n President Obama closed the deal the next day in a meeting with Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao, Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula, and South African President Jacob Zuma. No. In Copenhagen: A Strong Framework Agreement. Although most of the coverage of Copenhagen has focussed on the Accord, the extended mandates of the two Ad-hoc Working Groups (AWGs) are significant. Ultimately, the COP agreed to “take note” of the Copenhagen Accord. trailer The Conference of the Parties (COP), at its fifteenth session, took note of the Copenhagen Accord of 18 December 2009 by way of decision 2/CP.15. Download (pdf, 167 KB), Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and parties to its related legal instrument, the Kyoto Protocol, are engaged in dual track negotiations aimed at reaching a new agreement or agreements to address global climate change. About 45,000 travelled to the UN climate summit in Copenhagen - the vast majority convinced of the need for a new global agreement on climate change. While it was included in the Copenhagen Accord, as the previous paragraph stated, the anchoring of such statements within the wider legitimacy of … An example of the international community negotiating an agreement as a non-binding, political agreement is the Copenhagen Accord, completed at COP … Those issues continued to dominate in a bitter closing debate as Venezuela, Sudan, Nicaragua, Bolivia and a few others fought to block the leaders’ agreement because most parties were outside the room when it was negotiated. It entered into force on November 4, 2016, and has been signed by 194 countries and ratified by 188 as of November 2020. For example, the Accord was signed by China, the U.S., Brazil and India, which together account for … 0000010349 00000 n The accord provided for explicit emission pledges by all major economies – including, for the first time, China and other major developing countries – but charted no clear path toward a treaty with binding commitments. The GCF was established by the 2009 Copenhagen Accord, a sole executive agreement that committed developed countries by 2020 to provide $100 billion per year to … Both nations managed to preserve their bottom lines at Copenhagen, but subsequent negotiating rounds will feature more power struggles regarding the global governance of climate change. "The Copenhagen Accord reflects a political consensus on the long-term, global response to climate change," said UNFCCC Executive Secretary Yvo de Boer at a January 20 press conference. 0000017344 00000 n Download (pdf, 818 KB), A new global climate agreement will be most effective if parties are confident that it enables them to assess how well others are fulfilling their obligations. The unusual set of outcomes leaves uncertainty, however, about the formal standing of the Copenhagen Accord under the U.N. climate process and about the nature of any future agreement. The agreement establishes a new Technology Mechanism to accelerate technology development and transfer for both adaptation and mitigation. Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen provides for explicit emission pledges by all the major economies – including, for the first time, China and other major developing countries – but charts no clear path toward a treaty with binding commitments. Download (pdf, 199 KB). That level of consensus was not possible in this case, and the COP rules don’t enable voting. In separate decisions, parties extended Ad Hoc Working Groups under both the Convention and the Protocol to continue negotiating toward a fuller agreement in late 2010 in Mexico. Ministers, who ordinarily attend only the final days of the annual COP, arrived the first week hoping to unlock the stalled talks. The so-called Copenhagen accord "recognises" the scientific case for keeping temperature rises to no more than 2C but does not contain commitments to emissions reductions to … Moreover, parties who previously signed the Kyoto Protocol are strongly urged to continue and further their efforts towards reducing their greenhouse gas emissions. 0000012412 00000 n Available for free downloading from the CEPS website The accord also calls for the establishment of a Copenhagen Green Climate Fund, a High-Level Panel to examine ways of meeting the 2020 finance goal, a new Technology Mechanism, and a mechanism to channel incentives for reduced deforestation. 0000014732 00000 n Summary of COP 15 at some point negotiations were conducted at three levels: technical, ministerial, heads of state/government 5 countries decided the outcome on the margins of the UNFCCC process - US, China, India, South Africa, Brazil The Copenhagen Accord as a main COP-15 outcome 5. Those decisions, however, do not cross-reference the accord. So … %PDF-1.4 %���� 0000002346 00000 n The Copenhagen Accord is a critical instrument for addressing such dramatic escalation because it is signed by 140 nations, representing 85 per cent of the world’s GHGemissions. 0000002382 00000 n Below is … The so-called Copenhagen accord "recognises" the scientific case for keeping temperature rises to no more than 2C but does not contain commitments to emissions reductions to … The Copenhagen Accord resulted from the dynamics of international climate diplomacy, many of which have remained virtually unchanged since the negotiations that produced the Kyoto Protocol. That level of consensus was not possible in this case, and the COP rules don’t enable voting. He then announced the tentative agreement to the press and headed home, leaving other leaders to consider the terms, and weary negotiators to devise the final procedural maneuvers. 0000009613 00000 n The Cancun Agreements, hailed by Patricia Espinosa, Mexican Secretary of Foreign Affairs and President of the Cancun Conference, as launching ‘a new era of international cooperation on climate change,’ 1 were concluded on 11 December 2010 to widespread acclaim. A new political accord struck by world leaders at the U.N. 0000004014 00000 n Though the accord ultimately won formal recognition despite the lack of full consensus, the episode left many privately questioning the prospects for significant further progress within a fully global, procedurally bound U.N. process. After describing what exactly the Copenhagen Accord does and does not do, this article will lay out some initial impli-cations for international climate law and governance. This agreement is continuation from Kyoto Protocol. �(6Ӊ�bqn�{�Oшt����U�&&�wU*��^�%��.YO~�a�k�$RY]dӓ��u�o��q���r��X�|��#��6'>$4��_�RK���g8j��ޏ����?��0#e�0EYK+W�Ð���}�Z���3�6+i�h)����0��G>l���dx9��W�a� �-�S[��-�2��0}� Keywords: Copenhagen Summit, climate change, 2012, Kyoto, Copenhagen Accord, emission cuts. 0 The agreement “recogniz[es] the scientific view that the increase in global temperature should be below 2 degrees Celsius.”  It also calls for a review of the accord by 2015, including a consideration of strengthening the long-term goal “in relation to temperature rises of 1.5 degrees Celsius.”, Under the accord, Annex I (developed) countries “commit to implement” economy-wide emissions targets for 2020, and non-Annex I (developing) countries “will implement mitigation actions.”  (Least developed and small island countries “may undertake actions voluntarily and on the basis of support.”). It had further announced its intention to reduce emissions by 34% by 2020, and by 42% by 2025, conditional on a legally binding outcome in Mexico and provision of finance, technology and capacity building. Thus, while some parties will likely look to those negotiating processes to elaborate and fully operationalize the accord, no formal link was established. All but a few countries( Bolivia, Cuba etc) supported it. The accord also called for the establishment of a new Green Climate Fund. This article is intended to provide a detailed summary and analysis of the Copenhagen Conference and its fundamental document, the Copenhagen Accord. The Danish government, which had invested extraordinary effort to ensure Copenhagen’s success, found itself undermined from the start by the “leak” of a draft text opposed by developing countries. Much of the focus in Copenhagen will be on the political commitments announced by governments on their domestic climate efforts, and on the decisions and “prompt-start” finance needed to quickly operationalize new support for developing countries. They also established a process for parties to indicate their support for the Accord. 0000001794 00000 n Countries that joined Annex I which are industrialize countries attending this conference such as US, China, India, and Brazil. The Kyoto parties adopted a decision forwarding the incomplete texts and calling on the AWG-KP to complete its work for adoption next year at the meeting of the Kyoto parties to be held in parallel with COP 16. In sum, the Copenhagen Accord not only endorses the continutation of the Kyoto Accord but also emphasizes that climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time, and that we need "strong political will to urgently combat climate change in accordance with the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilitie… This …, View Details 130 0 obj <>stream 0000061778 00000 n A set of decisions addressing the core elements of the Bali Action Plan, and a core decision tying them together, were not completed. Countries that joined Annex I which are industrialize countries attending this conference such as US, China, India, and Brazil. The Copenhagen Agreement is a document that delegates at the 15th session of the Conference of Parties (COP 15) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change agreed to "take note of" at the final plenary on 18 December 2009. The Copenhagen Accord Environmental Encyclopedia, 2011 Updated: July 28, 2016 From Opposing Viewpoints in Context Near the end of the December 2009 conference on climate change held in Copenhagen, Denmark--a summit attended by more than 100 heads of state- … Key …, View Details A draft decision circulated at the time President Obama announced the tentative deal described the intended outcome next year as “a legally binding instrument.”  However, the phrase did not appear in the text presented at the closing plenary. While parties made modest progress in some areas, many of the draft texts remain heavily bracketed. 0000013393 00000 n U.S. President Barack Obama reached a climate agreement on Friday with India, South Africa, China and Brazil. By its closing days, the summit had drawn well over 100 heads of state and government. Relation to UNFCCC and Kyoto – The accord endorses two parallel decisions under the Convention and the Protocol (see below) extending the two formal negotiating tracks that existed prior to Copenhagen. 0000008116 00000 n Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, who arrived ahead of President Obama, upped the pressure by declaring U.S. support for the goal of $100 billion a year for developing countries, an offer that many African and small-island countries did not want to let slip by. The Copenhagen Accord provided for explicit emission pledges by all major economies – including, for the first time, China and other major developing countries – but no clear path toward a binding treaty. Read the full C2ES summary of the outcome of COP 15 below. (See details below). By its closing days, the summit had drawn well over 100 heads of state and government. 0000011932 00000 n The Accord, drafted by, on the one hand, the United States and on the other, in a united position as the BASIC countries, is not legally binding and does not commit countries to agree to a binding successor to the Kyoto Protocol, whose round ended in 2012. Attempts to break the impasse by referring core issues to smaller groups of countries, rather than continuing to negotiate all issues with all parties, were repeatedly rebuffed by many developing countries, who insisted on full “transparency” and “inclusiveness.”. 0000031681 00000 n In the end, parties adopted parallel decisions under the U.N. 0000011194 00000 n Individual countries, in all likelihood a strong majority of the Convention’s 192 parties, will affix their names to the accord in the coming weeks. The basic terms of the Copenhagen Accord were brokered directly by a handful of key country leaders on the final day of the conference. 0000008548 00000 n Copenhagen Accord, but simply ―took note‖ of it, the future of climate diplomacy is unclear. This agreement is continuation from Kyoto Protocol. The accord declares the “immediate establishment of a mechanism…to enable the mobilization of financial resources from developed countries” to support efforts to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and to enhance forest sinks. 30, 2010) (advance version) [hereinafter Accord]. The key points of the Accord are as follows: The Pew Center released a report outlining options for measurement, reporting, and verification of countries’ actions in a post-2012 global climate agreement at a side event held during the international climate negotiations in Bonn, Germany. The Copenhagen Summit in December was almost universally judged to be a failure: at least if your measure of success was that it should have sealed a Kyoto-style treaty for regulating climate change after 2012 when Kyoto runs out. Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol that “take note” of the political accord and open the way for governments to individually sign on. The Copenhagen Accord is a short, simple document of just over two pages (see www.unfccc.int for a copy). “Scaled up, new and additional, predictable and adequate funding” is to be provided to developing countries to support mitigation efforts (including forest-related), adaptation, technology development and transfer, and capacity-building. Climate Summit in Copenhagen, Denmark. The Copenhagen Accord was pre- the request by parties for further clarification on the sented to the COP and CMP final plenary by the COP/ way to proceed and to the disagreement among parties CMP Presidency but it was not adopted due to the lack on the status of the Copenhagen Accord under the of consensus among parties.83 UNFCCC. 0000001220 00000 n In substance, the accord speaks to all of the core elements of the Bali Action Plan: a long-term goal; mitigation; adaptation; finance; technology; forests; and measurement, reporting and verification. The Conference of the Parties (COP), at its fifteenth session, took note of the Copenhagen Accord of 18 December 2009 by way of decision 2/CP.15. 0000035844 00000 n 0000056714 00000 n The timeline for doing so is not specified. The views expressed are attributable only to the author in a personal capacity and not to any institution with which they are associated. 0000012524 00000 n Additional developing country actions can be added to the appendix on an ongoing basis. Copenhagen Accord Summary Sudarshan Balakrishnan 15th conference of the United Nations Framework met 7-19, 2009 in Copenhagen Signed a pact called the Copenhagen Accord. Copenhagen Accord seems to lead us in global climate gover-nance. 0000015955 00000 n T. he road To openhagen. The Copenhagen Accord, the outcome of a challenging negotiation process, is regarded by many as a realistic recognition of the global nature of climate change and the role international finance has to … 0000010088 00000 n 0000001640 00000 n South Africa had associated itself with the Copenhagen Accord. The Accord is attached to Decision 2/CP. Copenhagen deal: Key points A US-led initiative called the Copenhagen Accord has formed the centre-piece of a deal at UN climate talks in Copenhagen, despite some countries' opposition. The work and progress of the past two years has not been supplanted by the Accord. Much of the focus in Copenhagen will be on the political commitments announced by governments on their domestic climate efforts, and on the decisions and “prompt-start” finance needed to quickly operationalize new support for developing countries. An update summarising the Copenhagen Accord, dated 18 December 2009, and released on 19 December 2009 at the end of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Conference held in Copenhagen. A summary of the key features of the Accord is set out in Annex 1.